Migrations

Migrations are the movement or resettlement of people, either from one country to another or from one part of a country to another.
 * MIGRATIONS* **

You will write an essay (or more) that asks you analyze similarities and differences in certain migrations. Use the charts to help you organize the information that you read on migrations.

There are various ways of organizing migrations. Some historians (e.g. Roger Cohen) classify migrations into the following groups: · "Victims" such as the Armenians; · "Labor” such as Indian contract workers; · "Trade" such as Lebanese merchants in West Africa;  · "Imperial" such as British population movements to overseas dominions;  · "Cultural" such as Caribbeans living abroad, though some groups (e.g. Jews) comprise several types...

Others use these categorizations: · Settlers – those who move to a different community with the purpose of joining it, · Sojourners – those who move to a new community with the intention of returning to their home communities, · Itinerants – those who move from community to community with no single home · Invaders – those who arrive as a group with the objective of seizing control rather than joining

Others //(Bridging World History)// examine the causes and effects of migrations: Still others (Patrick Manning) use this categorization: · Home-community migration – to broaden gene pool by moving within the community · Colonization – to extend the range of the group · Whole community migration – to alternate among ecological settings · Cross-community migration – to share community experience * Chart courtesy of Monica Bond-Lamberty
 * ** Causes of Migrations ** || ** Generic Examples of Causes of Migrations **  || ** Generic Global Effects of Migrations ** ||
 * ** Environmental Changes ** || Shift in climate, depletion of natural resources, drought, earthquake || Redistribution of world’s population blending of cultures ||
 * ** Economic Pressures ** || Increasing population, famine, unemployment || Shifts in population ||
 * ** Political and Religious Persecution ** || Slave trade, war, ethnic cleansing, repression || Dislocation & oppression of peoples, spread of ideas & religions ||
 * ** Technological Development ** || Tools, agriculture, iron smelting, communications and transportation networks || Development of civilizations and empires ||

** MIGRATIONS – FOUNDATIONS ** Transportation: Walking (On foot)/ By sea Gender: male and female Ages: All Classes: All || The people migrated because of environmental changes such as food shortage and natural disasters. They might also have migrated because of warfare. || The migration's impact/effect was mainly that people began to populate the entire globe, becoming more spread out and populating different climates. Migration also changed who the people came into contact with on a daily basis (human or otherwise) and the size of the group they lived with. Migration also changed what the people ate and how they lived (because of different climates.) || 10, 11, 13-15, 24, 25 ||
 * ** Migration ** || ** Destinations and other characteristics **** (transportation, participants’ gender, age, class, etc) ** || ** Causes/Motivation (“Push” or “Pull” Factors) ** || ** Reception / Impact/Effects ** || **Armesto page ref.** ||
 * Ice Age || Destinations: Entire World (Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, and the Americas)
 * Polynesians (originally from SE Asia?)  || || ||   ||   ||
 * Bantu

|| Destination: south Africa Transportation: By foot Gender: all Ages: all Classes: all || People were looking for new areas in which they could start growing and harvesting plants. || The Bantu language spread, as did the knowledge of agriculture. || 50 ||
 * Greeks

|| || || ||  ||
 * Phoenicians

|| || || ||  || || Destination: frontier land that stretched across Turkey, Iran, Iraq Transportation: By foot, maybe boat. Gender: all Ages: all Classes: all || People migrated here for its surplus of food. Perhaps driven due to the changing environment. || Allowed permanent dwellings to be built throughout the region without the need for agriculture, as they could forage and find all the food that was necessary. The people living here were better off than most farmers. The sexes began to work together as food gathering became more about production and less about hunting and gathering. || 33,34,35 ||
 * Indo-Europeans
 * Angles and Saxons || || || ||  ||
 * Huns

|| || || ||  || || || || ||   || ** MIGRATIONS – 600-1450 ** || ||  || ||   || || || || ||   || || || || ||   || || || || ||   || || || || ||   || || || || ||   || Europeans ||   || || ||   || ||  || || ||   || ** MIGRATIONS – 1450-1750 ** ||  ||   || ||   || ||   ||   || ||   || ||   ||   || ||   || ||   ||   || ||   || ||   ||   || ||   || ||   ||   || ||   || ** MIGRATIONS - 1750-1914 ** Chinese ||  || || ||   || ||  || || ||   || ** MIGRATIONS - 1914-Present **
 * Jewish diaspora
 * Germans (e.g. Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals, Franks, Lombards, etc)  || ||<   || ||   ||
 * ** Migration ** || ** Destinations and other characteristics **** (transportation, participants’ gender, age, class, etc) ** || ** Causes/Motivation (“Push” or “Pull” Factors) ** || ** Reception / Impact/Effects ** || **Armesto page ref.** ||
 * Austronesians/ Polynesian || || || ||  ||
 * Nat. Am. Empires || ||  || ||   ||
 * Bantu
 * East African
 * Central and West Africans || || || ||  ||
 * Arabs
 * Indian Diaspora || || || ||  ||
 * Chinese Diaspora || || || ||  ||
 * Mongols
 * Turks
 * Slavs
 * Crusaders/
 * Vikings/ Norse || || || ||  ||
 * Normans
 * Jewish Diaspora ||  ||   || ||   ||
 * ** Migration ** || ** Destinations and other characteristics **** (transportation, participants’ gender, age, class, etc) ** || ** Causes/Motivation (“Push” or “Pull” Factors) ** || ** Reception / Impact/Effects ** || **Armesto page ref.** ||
 * Native Americans ||  ||   || ||   ||
 * East African ||  ||   || ||   ||
 * Central Africans ||  ||   || ||   ||
 * West Africans ||  ||   || ||   ||
 * Portuguese
 * English ||  ||   || ||   ||
 * Dutch ||  ||   || ||   ||
 * Spanish ||  ||   || ||   ||
 * French ||  ||   || ||   ||
 * Russians
 * Jewish Diaspora
 * Armenia ||  ||   || ||   ||
 * Mughals
 * Indians
 * Malays & other SE East Asian ||  ||   || ||   ||
 * Chinese ||  ||   || ||   ||
 * Turks
 * ** Migration ** || ** Destinations & other characteristics **** (transportation, participants’ gender, age, class, etc) ** || ** Causes/Motivation (“Push” or “Pull” Factors) ** || ** Reception / Impact/Effects ** || **Armesto page ref.** ||
 * Native Africans ||  || || ||   ||
 * “Turcos” – Syrians & Lebanese ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Indians ||  || || ||   ||
 * Japanese || || || ||  ||
 * Chinese ||  || || ||   ||
 * Manchurian/
 * Korean ||  || || ||   ||
 * Siberians ||  || || ||   ||
 * Portuguese
 * English/Irish/ Scot & Welsh ||  || || ||   ||
 * Dutch ||  || || ||   ||
 * Spanish ||  || || ||   ||
 * French ||  || || ||   ||
 * Russians ||  || || ||   ||
 * Americans (US) ||  || || ||   ||
 * Native Americans ||  || || ||   ||
 * Westward Expansion in N. America ||  || || ||   ||
 * Urbanization ||  || || ||   ||
 * Aborigines ||  || || ||   ||
 * ** Migration ** || ** Destinations and other characteristics **** (transportation, participants’ gender, age, class, etc) ** || ** Causes/Motivation (“Push” or “Pull” Factors) ** || ** Reception / Impact/Effects ** || **Armesto page ref.** ||
 * Italians & S. Europeans ||  || || ||   ||
 * Germans, Poles & other C. Europeans ||  || || ||   ||
 * Jewish Diaspora ||  || || ||   ||
 * Russian ||  || || ||   ||
 * Africans ||  || || ||   ||
 * Indians ||  || || ||   ||
 * Japanese ||  || || ||   ||
 * Chinese ||  || || ||   ||
 * Korean ||  || || ||   ||
 * Vietnamese and other SE Asians ||  || || ||   ||
 * Siberians ||  || || ||   ||
 * “Turcos” – Syrians and Lebanese || ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Armenian ||  || || ||   ||
 * Palestinians ||  || || ||   ||
 * Urbanization ||  || || ||   ||
 * Latin Americans ||  || || ||   ||